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It has often been remarked in Reformed circles that the third mark of the true church is the ‘right administration of discipline’. Experienced pastors and elders know that debates over discipline can tear a church apart as much as debates over preaching, sacraments, or other matters. Discipline has been a topic as perennial in the church as questions of doctrine and liturgical practices because the church constitutes, as Augustine noted, a hospital for sick sinners. This microcourse investigates the roots of Reformed discipline in a place where Reformed people rarely think to look, or even cringe to consider: medieval penitential discipline.

What we will see are fundamental principles in the Christian tradition about repentance or penance and the purpose of law that influenced early Reformed thinkers, stood in the background of Reformed casuistry, and can guide careful consideration of how to approach -- and with what rationale and what end goal -- erring church members who have sinned egregiously against God and neighbor and deeply need to be brought back into communion with both.

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Atria A. Larson is Associate Professor of Theological Studies at Saint Louis University. She has published numerous articles in the fields of medieval theology, canon law, and history in international journals as well as translations from German and from Latin. She is co-editor of A Companion to the Medieval Papacy: Growth of an Ideology and Institution, Brill’s Companions to the Christian Tradition 70 (Leiden: Brill, 2016). Her first book, Master of Penance: Gratian and the Development of Penitential Thought and Law in the Twelfth Century (Catholic University of America Press, 2014) was a winner of a 2015 Manfred Lautenschlaeger Award for Theological Promise from FIIT (Forschungszentrum für Internationale und Interdisziplinäre Theologie) at the Universität Heidelberg. She has also edited and translated the treatise on penance that was the topic of that monograph. Her most recent volume, Gratian’s Tractatus de penitentia: A New Latin Edition with English Translation, was released in 2016 by CUA Press.

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