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The rise of Reformed casuistry was tied to the end of the penitential tradition in its most familiar forms, at least for Protestants. Scholars have recently argued very compellingly, however, that casuistry in fact reaches at least as far back as the New Testament writings, and some would push it further back into the Torah. Casuistry, while often a pejorative term today, is simply the pursuit of lived faithfulness. How does the Bible work ethically? In what way does the nature of Scripture determine the proper moral uses of Scripture? How is the moral application or use of natural law the same or different from the moral application or use of Torah in both narrow and general senses? How do the major lights of Reformed casuistry (Perkins, Ames, and Baxter) reflect the now displaced views of their early modern era, and how do they reflect and advance the sober, enduringly wise, and biblical principles of a God-glorifying life? This course will explore casuistry in general, in the Christian tradition, and in the Reformed tradition. Our work will be as much exegetical and dogmatic as it will be historical, and we will take steps to evaluate and not only to describe various approaches to casuistry. This course module will also feature one special lecture by Dr. Atria Larson, Greystone Fellow and scholar of the medieval penitential and canon law tradition.

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Dr. Mark A. Garcia (Ph.D., Edinburgh) is President and Fellow in Scripture & Theology at Greystone Theological Institute, and Associate Professor of Systematic Theology at Westminster Theological Seminary (Philadelphia, PA). He has also been Visiting Scholar in the Faculty of History at Cambridge University and Senior Member of Wolfson College, Cambridge, and Honorary Research Fellow at the University of East Anglia. Prior to starting at Westminster, Dr. Garcia was pastor of Immanuel Orthodox Presbyterian Church (Coraopolis, PA) from 2007-2021, and continues to provide support for that congregation. His is a member of the Society for the Study of Theology (SST), Society of Biblical Literature (SBL), and Evangelical Theological Society (ETS). He has enjoyed research fellowships and awards in Edinburgh, Geneva, and Grand Rapids, MI, and maintains an active research and teaching program. He was an assistant editor (theological) for the five-volume Minutes and Papers of the Westminster Assembly: 1643-1652 (Oxford University Press, 2012), edited by Chad Van Dixhoorn, and has served in a similar role for a project on the idea of independency in the early modern era. He is author of Life in Christ: Union with Christ and Twofold Grace in Calvin’s Theology (Paternoster, 2008) and many journal articles and essays, and is researching the theological ontology of the feminine in relation to the biblical divorce and household texts. In his free time, Dr. Garcia enjoys literature, music, sports, and wine – especially red “left bank” Bordeaux. He is a member of the Guild of Sommeliers.

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